Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter Free Essays

Talk about three techniques or practices recognized in the section that you feel are generally significant in arranging, creating, and reexamining proficient archives. Which of these do you use? Which some portion of the procedure do you invest more energy in: amending, altering, or editing? Why? The three most significant practices in arranging, creating, and modifying proficient reports are: - Analyzing the issue, characterizing the motivation behind the record, and breaking down my crowd. - Provide precise, succinct, and complete data. We will compose a custom paper test on Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Getting input from another person. Before starting an archive you should evaluate the reason for your composition, and who your crowd is. When you recognize what you are expounding on, and whom you are composing it to, at that point starts the definition of thoughts. I for one first survey archives that identify with the subject and make key focuses to remember for my composition. After you start making a manner of thinking lined up with your composition, start free composition. During your free creative cycle, do whatever it takes not to go astray from your focuses. Give precise data, be brief and forthright, and complete your considerations. Since you believe you have drafted all the fitting key focuses, and all the data you needed to incorporate, start inspecting. During this audit procedure, check for syntactic blunders, succinctness, and that your contemplations are conveyed for clear understanding. Since you believe you have made an expert archive, put it under serious scrutiny. Generally significant for me, is letting another person read it. You may get some analysis, however preferable by one individual over an enormous number of perusers. As of now you can make the proper changes, and feel progressively sure about the message you are transferring. All the strategies I referenced is the procedure I use to make composing records. These means were useful in my prosperity as a capable essayist. Editing is the most significant viewpoint, and what I invest a large portion of my energy in. This is your last opportunity to intrigue your peruser and ensure your composing speaks to you, and demonstrates your responsibility to your work. Storage, K. O. , Kienzler, D. S. (2010). Business and Administrative Communication. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. The most effective method to refer to Three Strategies or Practices Identified in the Chapter, Essay models

Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction

Advantages Of Being A Wallflower I truly delighted in perusing the book. I preferred the manner in which it was composed basically. Charlie's letters are as private as a journal as he shares his everyday contemplations and sentiments. You can some way or another truly become acquainted with the storyteller - Charlie - and you feel like he is composing every one of these letters to you. That is very fascinating. However there are fairly unreasonable tones, which I saw some time subsequent to perusing the book, in light of the fact that my early introduction was the means by which inconceivably sensible it was. Charlie is just depicted as the decent, honest young person. He does a few things wrong, yet at long last is close to consummate. Despite the fact that he is messed up, your sympathy for Charlie is overpowering, and you appear to overlook that the book doesn't appear that genuine. In addition, as I would like to think a portion of the letters are as well scholarly. Anyway I despite everything think the book is clever, valid and entirely pitiful. 2. The language was casual and straightforward. 3. There are heaps of dazzling parts, however the one I loved most is when Charlie is telling a sonnet at a Christmas celebration to every one of his companions. I adored the sonnet on the grounds that it is that miserable at the same time, be that as it may, valid, I think. It is tied in with growing up and how things change when you are not any longer the dazzling little kid yet have gotten a youthful grown-up. As I would like to think it is written in an extremely dismal, all things considered decent way. Later on Charlie discovers the sonnet was composed by a kid not long before he executed himself. He feels extremely tragic about this. 4. The advantages of being a introvert is the account of what it resembles to experience childhood in secondary school. Charlie, a 15-year-old green bean, is composing letters who spread his first year in secondary school to an obscure individual. Charlie experiences similar battles that numerous children need to look in secondary school - how to make companions, family strains, a first relationship, exploring different avenues regarding drugs - however he likewise needs to manage his closest companion's ongoing self destruction. With the assistance of an educator who perceives his instinct , and his two more seasoned companions, the seniors Patrick and Samantha, Charlie starts to be mollified with his life. However not for quite a while - discouraged when every one of his companions get ready for school, Charlie has a mental breakdown, which settle itself conveniently and uncovers a since a long time ago stifled truth about his Aunt Helen. By the by, he makes it back in due time, prepared to confront his sophomore year and all it might bring. 5. In this book there isn't generally a peak in light of the fact that Charlie just tells about his life. Despite the fact that there happen a few significant things that change his life a great deal. One of them is the point at which Charlie's first relationship with Mary-Elizabeth, an old buddy of Sam, closes hopelessly in light of the fact that Charlie remains enthusiastically legitimate about the way that he really adores Sam and not Mary-Elizabeth. That harms Mary-Elizabeth definitely, and by one way or another the entire gathering of his companions pretty much wouldn't like to see him for around one month. By the time Charlie acknowledges how he did Mary-Elizabeth off-base and jeopardized the fellowship of Sam and her. He begins to perceive how much his companions truly mean to him and the amount he needs them. Charlie recollects the start of the year, before he became acquainted with Sam and Patrick, and how desolate he felt at that point - so forlorn that he began composing letters to an obscure individual. He discovers what kinship truly implies. That was very intriguing and I truly could sympathize with Charlie. 6. The completion truly shocked me. You could see from Charlie's letters that he was depressed, yet I never figured he would have such a breakdown and need to go to medical clinic for two months. 7. I think Charlie was here and there like me. I didn't despise anybody of the characters, they were all quite thoughtful, I think. Charlie: Charlie is the third kid in a white collar class family. His more established sibling plays football at Penn State and his more established sister stresses significantly over young men. Charlie goes to secondary school, he is a first year recruit and in no way, shape or form famous. He is a timid kid, independent and without any problem affected. Patrick and Sam think he is a loner. He is likewise very na?ve and fair, which makes him a ton of issues later on. Charlie is a mastermind, yet he thinks excessively, which some of the time prompts

Stuttering and Social Anxiety Disorder Connections

Stuttering and Social Anxiety Disorder Connections Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Stuttering and Social Anxiety Disorder Connections By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 07, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children GARO/PHANIE/Getty Images Stuttering and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are both included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). However, SAD is categorized as an anxiety disorder and childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) is now considered a communication disorder in the chapter on neurodevelopmental disorders.   What Is Stuttering? Stuttering is described as dysfluent speech involving overt and covert (hidden) symptoms. Overt symptoms are obvious to other people and include: Repeating or prolonging soundsBlocks when speaking Covert symptoms may not be obvious to others and include: Omitting wordsSubstituting wordsCircumlocution (rearranging words in a sentence) 9 Tips to Use Your Best Voice When You Have Social Anxiety Stuttering and SAD Diagnosed Together If you stutter, you may also feel bad about your speech difficulty and experience anxiety, avoidance, low self-esteem, and embarrassment. However, you would not be diagnosed with SAD unless the fear, avoidance, and anxiety are about more than the stuttering. Signs That You May Have Social Anxiety Disorder If you are only anxious because you stutter, you would not be diagnosed with SAD because the fear is about stuttering, not social and performance situations. How Are Stuttering and Social Anxiety Related? Current research shows that there is likely a relationship between stuttering and social anxiety, but the nature of the relationship is not clear. The rate of overlap between social anxiety and stuttering is thought to be as high as 75%. However,  studies have not been consistent in how they define social anxiety (e.g., stuttering-specific or general). Research has shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a part in both stuttering and SAD. And, in fact, a higher rate of SAD has been found in people with Parkinsons disease, a disorder involving dopamine production and metabolism. Neuroimaging research has shown that people with SAD and those who stutter have differences in the dopamine D2 receptor, meaning that they process dopamine differently than people without these disorders. The amygdala has also been shown to be related to both stuttering and SAD. Treatment   Treatment options for stuttering depend on whether or not you are also experiencing psychological reactions. If you stutter but do not have anxiety, fear or avoidance, you would receive speech training alone.If you stutter and also have psychological reactions or a comorbid diagnosis of SAD, you would also receive treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Although medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to be effective in treating SAD, there is not enough research to support their use for stuttering. If you experience both SAD and stuttering, it is important to realize that SAD can be overcome even if your stuttering does not completely go away. While stuttering can be embarrassing, it is possible to improve and feel better about the way that you talk. The 9 Best Speech Therapy Apps

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Analysis Of Little Things By Raymond Carver - 1269 Words

The short story â€Å"Little Things† by Raymond Carver deals with the humanity’s spiteful nature and its desire to flaunt what others can not have. On the surface, the story is about a man, a woman, and baby, none of which have a confirmed relation to each other, and a dispute over who should keep the baby after the man leaves. As the story reaches its end, there is no clear winner and the reader has a sense of unease based on the last line, â€Å"In this manner, the issue was decided† (Carver). Carver’s use of dialogue, allusion, and sight/sound imagery help build the darker mood for the story, and his use of those elements ultimately leads to one of Carver’s main messages. By utilizing the previously listed items, Carver highlights the idea that†¦show more content†¦Both of them trying to keep the baby away from the other in this manner shows that the have allowed their petty anger and spite to cloud their judgement, thus causing them to lose sight of what actually matters: the baby’s well being. One of the main ways Carver shows his thematic message is through his use of allusion. In this case, the fight over the baby acts as an allusion to The Judgement of Solomon. In the original story of Solomon, he presides over the case of two women claiming to be the true mother of a single child. To solve the conflict, Solomon decrees that the child be sawn in half so that each woman may get an equal part of the child. One of the women then tells Solomon to give the baby to the other woman so that the baby can continue to live, thus revealing herself as the true mother. In â€Å"Little Things,† Carver uses this story to provide a context for the audience for the events transpiring at the end of the story. Going back to the end of the fight where both He and She are pulling on the baby, the narrator says this, â€Å"She would have it, this baby. She grabbed for the baby’s other arm. She caught the baby around the wrist and leaned back. But he would not let go. He felt the baby slipping out of his hands and he pulled back very hard† (Carver). It is a similar situation to that in the alluded material, two people are fighting over one child, but in Solomon’s story the baby comes out unharmed. The audience can easilyShow MoreRelatedAP and Cathedral Comparison Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesMallory Russell 06/12/15 Comparison Essay ENG 102 Online â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver versus â€Å"A + P† by John Updike In the short stories â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"A + P† by John Updike the protagonists experience an epiphany that change their restricted way of thinking. The main character, â€Å"Sammy† in John Updike’s, â€Å"A + P† is a teenage boy working in the town grocery store. Sammy experiences an epiphany when he decides to quit his job at the grocery store. He quit because he believedRead MorePopular Mechanics by Raymond Carver828 Words   |  4 PagesPopular Mechanics the author, Raymond Carver, uses painstaking details, numerous symbols, and an unusual title to convey the universal theme that not all relationships end happily. Carver uses all these things to his advantage. He brings out the theme of this depressing, but truthful story. Many couples these days experience the same thing that this one in particular went through. Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. Carver starts off the story in this wayRead MoreRaymond Carver with Cathedral and John Updike with AP979 Words   |  4 PagesRaymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral† and John Updike with â€Å"AP† â€Å"Cathedral† and AP both short stories written during the same century. But even though they both introduce stereotypical characters that somehow change their view of the world, they have many more different aspects. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantity of people involve in each story. The story â€Å"Cathedral† only took place in a family house with only the husband, wife who can be qualified as a static character tried to killRead MoreThe Two Sides Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesSides The views we have are what shapes us, sometimes we have vast knowledge of ideas. Other times we are limited in what we can understand. 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Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MoreAnalysis Of Where I m Calling From By Raymond Carver2284 Words   |  10 PagesArtapong Intapatana September 16, 2014 English Literature: Critical Thinking and Composition Prof. Jennifer Smith Where I’m Calling From Analysis â€Å"Where I’m Calling From† by Raymond Carver is a short story about a man’s struggle with Alcoholism, and his encounters at a drying-out facility or treatment center. The story itself seems very straight forward in the way it’s presented, 3rd person perspective, narrative writing style, realism (ENotes.com), but in actuality there’s a lot more to the storyRead MoreFood In Raymond Cravers A Small, Good Thing1232 Words   |  5 PagesMeal Analysis Draft Food can be used as a pathway to connect the reader to the passage, and for them to relate it to themselves in their life. With many different lifestyles in our community, one thing that doesnt seem to have any major change over the different lifestyles and cultures is the pull that food has. To be able have people of all kinds, to gather around and celebrate any occasion with food being the center piece. In Raymond Craver’s short story A Small, Good Thing†, at the startRead MoreThe parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP†1892 Words   |  8 Pages The parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† Raymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† by John Updike are both short stories, even if in facts they are written during the same century, readers can interpret the changes that occurred to be really different. They both introduce characters that are being victim of stereotype by the protagonists, but somehow these characters made a great change into the protagonists’ view of the world and life itself. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantityRead MoreCharacter Analysis OfCathedral By Raymond Carvers Cathedral1121 Words   |  5 Pageshusband. The two kept in touch, but began to drift apart until Roberts wife died and he came to visit the unnamed narrator and wife (Carver p.32-35). Once Robert walked through the door his appearance and personality surprised the narrator greatly. In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† the narrator is constantly judging Robert because of his disability. The narrators’ analysis of the blind in à ¢â‚¬Å"Cathedral† is somewhat harsh and very comparable to the critiques that are given to the blind today. The unnamedRead MoreA Small Good Thing By Raymond Carver And The Birthmark Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesA Small Birthmark with Vampiric Communion In the stories â€Å"A Small Good Thing† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are obvious differences between the two tales. While â€Å"A Small Good Thing† has to do with a family dealing with the injury and then loss of their â€Å"The Birthmark† is a scientific quest to remove a birthmark. The analysis of these two stories show both similarities as well as the differences between the main themes of Vampirism, Communion. These two main themes

The Bright Side Of School Uniforms. Education In The United

The Bright Side of School Uniforms Education in the United States from Kindergarten all the way to 12th grade is known for its free education system. That’s right, students all over the country are given the opportunity to retrieve a high school diploma for free. Education in this country is so important that schools around the country are pushing their board of education to propose the policy of school uniforms nationwide, as they believe school uniforms have a very beneficial and positive effect on a student’s learning abilities, behavior, and lifestyle. School uniforms are increasingly becoming more popular throughout the United States, therefore schools across the country are aware of how the uniforms help students make higher grades,†¦show more content†¦School uniforms are typically enforced by private or charter institutions, however, public schools across the country are increasingly adopting the proposal of these uniforms. Who knew that the way a stude nt dresses everyday could have such a responsible role in the increase of their performance within the classroom? Studies conducted by David L. Brunsma, a professor at Virginia Tech, discuss the overall effect of school uniforms on a student body. The text mentions how about one in five public schools during the 2013 -2014 school year have effectively established school uniforms at their institutions. This percentage may seem doubtfully small but from the perspective of how many public schools are in the United States, which is roughly ninety-nine thousand, the number of effected schools in the country is quite a few. Although there is not any numerical percentage of how much a student’s academic achievement increases, it is well known that uniforms simply make a student feel more calm and confident in themselves in general. School uniforms are also beneficial in preventing visual distraction amongst the student body within the classroom, because with an effective school unif orm policy there are much less dress code violations from both genders that can be seen as provocative attire. .Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper1036 Words   |  5 Pagesmy father while my mother and sisters were at home. This type of experience in life would make anyone feel a bit depressed by I looked on the bright side and I learned a very important lesson. You dont value what you have until you lose it. When we moved to Mexico we lost everything our house, our furniture, and our lives basically. Eventually, the school had to begin and I had to attend it knowing about the low income in our family. 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The Revolution can be likened to the idea of the Italian Renaissance; it was a complete rebirth of culture. â€Å"Traditional songs and dances were taught to sc hool children, popular art was extolled, books and magazines were published, and walls were assigned to one painter or another.†(PazRead MoreOrgan3116 Words   |  13 Pagesan organizational team who support and encourage people to sign up to be an organ donor and according to their information and research there are more than 117,294 people of all ages and gender currently on the wait list for an organ transplant in United states concurrently. â€Å"The process of organ donation can save as many as eight lives through the surgical transplantation of organs from a donor of recipients. 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Identifies officials responsible for

Commercial Banking and Financial Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Banking and Financial Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Relative earnings can be measured by the price- earnings ratio of the organizational securities related to the market index. However, the performance evaluation for the relative earnings can be done by considering the income of the organization as well as the earnings per share during the accounting year (Kothari, Mizik Roychowdhury, 2015). In the present situation, earnings of Keystone National Bank along with the peers have been compared for the years 1989 and 1990. Considering the financial statements, it has been noted that the income from interest of the bank during the year 1989 was $39.35 million, which was 10.89% while the income of the peers during the same year was 10.62%. On the contrary, the interest income of the bank as well as the peers declined in the year 1990 by around 1.00%. The percentage fall in the interest income in case of Keystone bank was around 0.91% whereas the decline in income of peers in 1990 was at lower rate with 0.84%. Accordingly, it can be analyze d that the performance of peers was better than that of the Keystone Bank (Calomiris, Heider Hoerova, 2015). The interest expenses of the bank and peers declined in the year 1990 by around 0.5 % hence it can be said that the organizational performance in the year 1989 was better. As the expenses during the year 1989 was higher yet the income earned by the bank and peers was higher than the income of the year 1990 therefore the bank was efficient in the year 1989. The peers are correct to use since the performance percentage are parallel to that of Keystone International Bank. Further, the peers were engaged in the services of providing loans and deposits similar to the services provided by the Keystone Bank. It has been observed that the earnings of the Bank reflected at 0.91% while the income of peers reflected at 1.04%. Additionally, income from non- interest services earned by Bank at 0.90% and the income of peers was 0.94%. Hence, it can be said that the peers are correct to use as competitors for the matter of comparison. Similarly, income from non-interest business activities by the bank reflected 0.92% during the year 1989 whereas the income of peers during the year was 0.97%. However, the income during the year 1990 was declined to 0.90 in case of bank and that of its peers declined to 0.94%. It has been observed that the performance of the peers during both the year was better but the decline in income in case of bank was at higher percentage therefore it could be said that the service structure of the bank was not appropriate to generate decent income. Further, the income before tax of the bank was lower than the peers net income before tax during both the years even when the percentage of tax expense in case of peers is higher. It has been observed that the banking policies and internal control system of the Keystone bank were not followed in an appropriate manner to overcome the financial risk position (Chu et al., 2016). Financial crisis not only affects the other sector organizations but also the banking sector resulting in performance discrepancy for private, public and foreign banks. Recession period affects the banking sector with respect to the flow of funds from the deposits and borrowings. Impact of liquidity falls on the liquidity of funds because of mark to market accounting as per the governmental requirement required to be followed by the banks. Period of recession affects the investment policy and funds in terms of liquid funds or in terms of banking stocks since the flow of funds is restricted in the hands of consumers as well as organizations. During the year 1990 and 1989 most of banks suffered from the recession at an average number of 5000 which reflected around 20% decline in the banking values. Accordingly, the Keystone Bank performed better with a net income of around 1.00% during the year 1989 and 1990. It can be said that the bank managed to earn considerable profit from the interest as well as from non- interest income along with the commission income. Therefore, it can be said that the banks performance was better from that of the peers during the period of recession. Evaluation of Financial Risk Financial risk is the evaluated by using several ratios using the different variables of financial information in order to evaluate the organizations level of debt financing. It also measures the efficiency and capability of the business organizations to manage the amount of debt, which is due for repayment to the investors (Watson, 2015). It is essential to measure the organizational financial risk that determines the level of risk tolerance or appetite for maximization of profit and to maintain the sustainable growth. The financial risk is determined by considering the elements of credit, capital, structure of cost and revenue. One of the significant ratios used to measure the financial risk is Debt- to- Capital Ratio that determines the level of leverage in the capital employment (Kwon Yin, 2015). In case of keystone bank and its peers, the debt- capital ratio is determined by using the value of debt and total capital employed by the company during the financial year 1989 and 199 0. Since the information on debts is not clearly available in the present case, Federal funds purchased would be considered as an acquisition of debt (Fabius et al., 2016). Accordingly, the debt to capital ratio would be ____Federal Funds purchased__= ___14,551__ = 0.36 or 36% in the year 1990. Shareholders equity + Federal Funds 25,669+14,551 On the contrary, percentage of peers shareholders equity consisted of 6.98% while the percentage of federal funds purchased was 4.77% average of which comes to 0.42 or 42%. Since the debt capital ratio of back is lower than that of the peers, it can be interpreted that the financial condition of bank is stable even though the income level is lower. However, the amount of deposits used by the bank during the year 1990 was higher than that of the year 1989. Similarly, debt capital ratio of peers during the year 1989 was higher than that of during the year 1990 that implies the use of high level of debt financing to operate the business functions. Hence, the peers financial position is said to be at risk more than the bank during the financial years 1989 and 1990. Another financial ratio that can be used to determine the financing risk of bank and its peers is the interest coverage ratio, which indicates the efficiency of the organization to manage the cost of short- term finance. It is determined by using the earnings before interest and taxes and the interest expenses (Giglio, Kelly Pruitt, 2016). In case of bank and its peers amount of interest cost is not ascertainable hence, equity capital and assets would be considered, which appeared at 6.58% in the year 1990, while 6.45% in the year 1989 as per the financial data of Keystone Bank. Moreover, the equity capital and assets ratio of its peers reflected 6.98% during the year 1990 and 7.08% during the year 1989. It can be interpreted that the capacity of the peers to generate income from the assets to employ as equity capital was higher during the year 1989 while that of the bank was lower. Hence, the ability to generate return from the employment of financial assets by Bank is lower wherea s the efficiency of peers to generate profit from the assets was higher (Lee Andrade, 2015). Recession is said to be a negative growth in the regional economy for a continuous period of time that results in decline of economic activity as well as in the organizational performance. On the contrary, non- recession is either a positive growth or stagnant economy for a given period of time that improves the financial economy and performance of the organization. It affects the credit and liquidity risk since the recession impacts a decline in the gross domestic product as well as the value of funds for the country. Additionally, value of assets and other financial assets also decline due to recession, which affect the rate of bank interest and eventually affect the credit risk and liquidity risk. Analysis of Interest- sensitivity report Interest sensitivity is an assessment to determine the fluctuation in the price of the fixed asset that generates fixed income due to the change in the prevailing market rate of interest. It can be said that if the shares have more fluctuations in the price then such shares are more sensitive hence, such securities should be analyzed at the time of making investments (Doukas Walter 2015). Further, there are certain issues with the time market for trading and investment of shares with respect to the setting up of new business or for the purpose of business expansion or diversification. Further, the performance of the market with respect to the capital employment in the business organization becomes an issue in case the market price of the shares fluctuates frequently. Moreover, the time market does not involve the implication of external finance that is long- term hence it does not evaluate the level of financial leverage used by the organizations (Chang Tsai, 2016). In the present situation, total assets over the period valued to $198,537, which reflected fluctuations in the value of assets over the several intervals. Additionally, the amount of deposits of the bank during the period in case of noninterest bearing amounted to $70,411 while the interest bearing demands amounted to $12,338. If the maturity period of the asset is longer than the change in rate of interest is more sensitive to generate the asset values (Giglio, Kelly Pruitt, 2016). In view of the interest rate sensitivity report periodic gap reflected $67,506 during the first period whereas the periodic gap for the entire year reflected an amount of $34,887. The periodic gap indicates the fluctuation in the valuation of assets and interest rate as the cumulative gap reflects the percentage from 7.01% to 9.00% (Patton, 2016). Hence, it can be said that the assets of the company are more sensitive to the changes in the market interest rate during the financial year. Risk of interest rate is a measurement of risk that indicates the fluctuations in the interest rate considering the prevailing rates of different regions. Such change may affect the market value of the securities held by the investors (Morley et al., 2015). In the present case of Keystone Bank, the sensitivity report of interest rate reflects amount of interest bearing bank balance as the organizational asset whereas the amount of interest on deposits as the liability. However, the report does not reflect the actual rate of interest prevailing in the country in comparison with other countries. Hence, the effect of the change in interest rate in determining the market value of the banks securities cannot be determined which is essential to evaluate the efficiency of the organization for its performance (Stoll et al., 2015). Determination of Keystones liquidity The term liquidity refers the state or efficiency of the business organization to convert the assets into cash balance. It was essential to employ the assets that can be easily converted to cash balance and helps the organization to operate the business activities in a smoother way. Accordingly, liquidity needs for the organizations may be in terms of savings, short- term investments, emergency funds and other current assets (Craig, Fecht Tmer-Alkan, 2015). As per the liquidity report of Keystone Bank for the first quarter 1991, there are assets with maturing funds totaled to $65.66 million. The organization employed the assets on investment in securities amounted to $8.35 million, Federal funds already sold for an amount of $11,428. It can be said that the most liquidity needs over the first quarter of 1991 are investment securities and federal funds that have already been sold by the Bank. Considering the current ratio 0.75 to measure the liquidity position of the bank, it can be said that the total value of assets is lower than the total value of liabilities hence the value of sources of asset was not sufficient to meet the liabilities. It has been observed that organization had sold off the Federal Funds amounted to $11,428 which can be used as a source of liquid need to meet the obligations (Jinjarak, 2015). However, the total value of assets consists of principal payments for commercial loans amounted to $15,172 and real estate loans amounted to $6,606 that cannot be considered as income generating assets. Further, payments on consumer loans and other loans including the lease financing cannot be considered as income generating assets to meet the liability obligations during the year (Etula et al., 2015). The principal payments appear under the assets of the organization since the payment has been done in advance i.e. before the due date. On the other hand, total liability of the bank during the first quarter of the year 1990 appears to be $86,993 as maturing funds while $13,900 as volatile funds. Additionally, the bank had acquired an estimated amount of new loan demand valued at $35.00 million and the value of new core deposits $21.00 million. Hence, it was essential for the bank to have liquidity resources to be able to pay back the potential amount of loan at the time of maturity pe riod. Considering the given report of liquidity of the Keystone Bank it can be said that the bank should acquire short term investments so that it could generate cash on sale of such investments. The bank could also acquire term loans at lower rate of interest for the purpose of working capital since the existing resources of current assets during the beginning of 1991 were not sufficient (Michiels et al., 2015). It can be observed that the bank had acquired higher value of time deposits both under and over value amounting to $100,000 that could be avoided since the outstanding amount was high while the liquid funds were less. Further, the bank could dispose of the assets that were not relevant or unutilized during the financial year 1990 to accumulate certain amount of funds (Calomiris, Heider Hoerova, 2015). Recommendations to the management In order to improve the banking operations and maximize profitability it is important to regulate the services for consumers satisfaction with respect to the competitive market. Considering the current market and banking regulations it is essential to maintain the consumer relationship, consumer requirements along with the banking services. Accordingly, banking organizations are recommended to improve the banking operations in the following ways: Relationship pricing and product package is one of the methods that increase the demand of the consumers for banking services. This method involves the identification of consumers requirements as per the current environment in consideration with the best prices as well as product bundling based on the consumers view. It is important to consider the rates of exchange, interest rates, underwriting service charges that improve the banking operations and assist in maximizing the profitability. Customer segmentation can be applied by the management to improve the customer relationship by extracting relevant data as per the credit funds and amount of deposits. The management is recommended to share the existing consumer records considering the business applications to understand the demographics, preferences and engagement. This system enables the banking sectors to target the required products by applying services at lower costs and improve marketing strategies. It is also recommended to the banks to adopt the events on real time basis in order to offer the marketing campaigns based on the cross- channel media to operate the stock transfers, offering credit services and retailing jobs. Method of real- time services enables the organization to save operational time and man power that eventually saves cost of services. Operation of bank services through real- time basis determines consumer needs as per the current economy and helps in increasing the marketability and service channels that helps in considering the best action. It also helps in eliminating the barriers relating to identification of appropriate service areas, locations for marketing and economic advantages at micro and macro level. Banks can also implement the services by application of innovative reward design which helps the organization to motivate the employees for providing efficient service as per the organizational benchmark. This method is also applicable to the consumers that are most profitable to the organization in form of monetary and service benefits. In order to maximize the profitability and increase banking services it is important to have attractive marketing strategy that helps in acquiring potential consumers. Banks can also implement the services of automated customer care to provide support services to the consumers that saves the functional time as well as functional cost. Accordingly, it can be suggested to the Keystone National Bank could have monitored the internal control system to improve the credit and deposit services. It has been observed that the bank had liabilities more than the value of assets hence it is recommended that Keystone should channelize its marketing strategy. The management is required to identify the potential customers to expand the credit services and lower the value of loans and deposits to strengthen its financial position. Further, the bank could focus on the services of interest and commission since it generated higher income and at higher percentage that would maximize the organizations profitability. The future of bank risk management, McKinsey and company In view of the statistics and reports, it has been noted that the banks have worked and changed dramatically the strategies to manage risk since past years. For the purpose of risk management, banks have implemented several initiatives that involve banking regulations, customer expectations with the change in technology and other banking norms. It has been noted that the banks have worked in reaction to the regulations that have been appeared from the financial crisis across the globe (Diamond Kashyap, 2016). It has been observed that the banking operations in consideration to the regulations of credit administration and other services would experience change that is more positive in the next few years. The processes that involve risk operations accounted for around 50% for the staff function while the percentage for analytics was only 15%. However, it has been noted that the banks would be able achieve the analytics percentage approximately to 40% while the functions staff would be managed to 25%. Since the banking trends experience the function of risks from all the perspective of banking regulations and operations, it is difficult to predict the actual risk function for future years. The present economy by considering the financial or non- financial operational functions and regulations need to be broaden to prevent the potential errors, improper practices and banking failures (House, Sablik Walter, 2016). It is essential for the banking organizations to implement the advanced technology to operate the banking services to the customers that assists in providing the services faster and in accurate manner. It has been noted that with the rise of advancement in technology, expectation of consumers also rise parallel to the change in information technology. It has been observed that the evolution in the technological system and advancement in the analytics gives rise to the techniques of risk management especially in the banking sectors. Banking services include credit underwriting, credit monitoring, detection of fraud in the services of credit- card facilities and other services of loans and deposits that have to be operated by using the advanced technologies (Bonner, Van Lelyveld Zymek, 2015). Further, advancement in the banking economics whether financial or non- financial assists the managers of risk to consider the advanced operational structure to eliminate the operational risks, credit margins as per the banking regulations. The risk managers are also required to implement the improved means of banking regulations to manage and reduce the operational costs by maintaining the quality of services. Accordingly, several initiatives and trends with respect to the future banking services can be analyzed to monitor the risk management for banking sectors (DeAngelo Stulz, 2015). First trend that assist in shaping the function of risk management is continuation of regulation in a broader way. In the emerging economies, banking operations need to comply with more advanced regulation for financial as well as non- financial functions including several banking facilities to the consumers. It was noted that financial crisis during the year 2008 have been resolved to a great extent in the financial markets considering the economies that are developed. It has been made mandatory in several regions to maintain the regulations with respect to the bribery, tax collection or monetary fraud. Similarly, regulations for the practices of employment services and standards of environment should be implemented (Gambetta, Zorio-Grima Garca-Benau, 2015). Second trend involves customer expectations in relation to the change in technologies conducted by the competitors like companies involved in financial technologies. It has been noticed that during the year 2014, the technological activities accounted to the profits of the bank for around 60% while the percentage of equity return noted to 22%. The banking services are required to implement the technologies that assist in providing instant services to the retailers, decisions for corporate credit and other services for loans and advances. In addition to this, third trend involve the evolution of analytics with respect to the advanced technology (Calomiris Carlson, 2016). It involves the understanding and implementation of technological innovation to assist the banking services to manage the risk functions considering the lower cost. The technological factors provide potential impact on the banking sectors by considering big data, learning for machines and crowd sourcing. Big data ind icates the functions of risk at low cost as well as in a faster way to provide the services to structured consumer information including the unstructured consumers information. Such activities help the banking services in taking better decisions for credit risk by detecting the financial fraud and error. Similarly, machine learning involves the improvement in risk models to the accurate numbers by recognizing the patterns that are complex involved in the sets of large data. The implementation of machine learning resulted in achievement of results in faster way and accurate manner by eliminating the financial errors. On the contrary, crowd sourcing is an idea enabled by using the source of internet that improves the efficiency of business operations. Such implementation of improved technological factors supports in reducing the cost and fines of risk factors if such factors are applied at the right time (Berg, 2015). Fourth trend involves emergence of new risks in the banking sector that includes model risk, contagion risk and risk of cyber security. In order to manage the banking risks effectively it is important to understand the model risk in a better way, which involves the evaluation and implementation of appropriate and relevant interest rates. The model requires to be implemented by using the correct assumptions and error free data entry. Similarly, the contagion risk involves understanding of vulnerability of the financial market across the globe measure the performance and impact of contagion. Cyber security involves the protection against the crime and errors that attack the internet and other cyber resources. Accordingly, risk managers are required to consider the functions that protect the cybercrime and improve the banking services (Giovannoni, Quarchioni Riccaboni, 2016). Further, the fifth trend implies the risk functions that assist to eliminate the banking biasness, which considered the behavioral economics to understand the decision-making functions of consumers. Risk managers are required to analyze the consumers behavior to remove the conscious biasness to perform the effective banking services. Similarly, the last trend presents the pressure with respect to the savings of cost to operate the banking services effectively. It is important to for the risk managers to measure the approaches for cost- cutting in simple, standard and digitized manner. The risk managers are required to manage the operational costs to perform the banking services in an effective manner with improved technologies (Bromiley et al., 2015). In view of the above discussion, it can be said that the scenarios mentioned by Mckinsey Company provides practical view for implementing the practices to mitigate the banking risk. In the present era most of the organizations and consumers depend on the resources of advanced technology to improve the business processes with respect to time, cost and quality. The article by Mckinsey Company focuses on the basic functions to be implemented by the banks to eliminate the risk factors and to perform the services in an accurate manner. It can be said that the trends stated in the article are justified parallel to the type of services banking sectors provide to the consumers (Giovannoni, Quarchioni Riccaboni, 2016). In the present economy, online services are growing to a great extent for which improved and advanced information technology is required along with resources of internet. For instance, services with respect to the credit fund, loans and borrowings, credit underwriting and ot her related services should be performed by the banks after eliminating the functional risks. It is essential for the banks to consider the banking regulation to perform the services in compliance with the legal requirements and principal banking norms. As the expectations of consumers increases in terms of the improved and upgraded technological factors, it is important for the banks to implement the services procedures in accordance with the advanced technology. Further, the banks are required to understand the consumer requirements and preferences as well as their expectations to implement the relevant services to eliminate the risk factors. The banking sectors are required to enhance the service functions in regulation to the reporting of risks so that the potential errors or frauds can be removed to provide better banking services (DeAngelo Stulz, 2015). For instance, some of the top banks in Canada are best known to perform the services on credit risk, market risk, financial risk and economic risk in recent times. Royal Bank of Canada is one of the top banks to perform in line with the risk management thereby recorded the asset size of C$ 1150 billion. Accordingly, it can be recommended that the banks are required to evaluate the current trends, consumer preferences and requirements and the available risk factors. Further, the banking sectors are required to formulate the functions on risk management by considering the available technological resources and required resources that would help the banks to improve the consumer services (Berg, 2015). Reference List Berg, T. (2015). Playing the devil's advocate: The causal effect of risk management on loan quality.Review of Financial Studies, hhv040. Bonner, C., Van Lelyveld, I., Zymek, R. (2015). Banks Liquidity Buffers and the Role of Liquidity Regulation.Journal of Financial Services Research,48(3), 215-234. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., Rustambekov, E. (2015). Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), 265-276. Calomiris, C. W., Carlson, M. (2016). Corporate governance and risk management at unprotected banks: National banks in the 1890s.Journal of Financial Economics,119(3), 512-532. Calomiris, C. W., Heider, F., Hoerova, M. (2015). A theory of bank liquidity requirements.Columbia Business School Research Paper, (14-39). Chang, S. C., Tsai, P. H. (2016). A hybrid financial performance evaluation model for wealth management banks following the global financial crisis.Technological and Economic Development of Economy,22(1), 21-46. Chu, J., Dechow, P. M., Hui, K. W., Wang, A. Y. (2016). The Valuation Premium for a String of Positive Earnings Surprises: The Role of Earnings Manipulation.Available at SSRN 2607219. Craig, B. R., Fecht, F., Tmer-Alkan, G. (2015). The role of interbank relationships and liquidity needs.Journal of Banking Finance,53, 99-111. DeAngelo, H., Stulz, R. M. (2015). Liquid-claim production, risk management, and bank capital structure: Why high leverage is optimal for banks.Journal of Financial Economics,116(2), 219-236. Diamond, D. W., Kashyap, A. K. (2016).Liquidity requirements, liquidity choice and financial stability(No. w22053). National Bureau of Economic Research. Doukas, J. A., Walter, A. (2015). European Financial Management Association (EFMA) Annual Meetings: a Retrospective Evaluation.European Financial Management,21(4), 790-810. Etula, E., Rinne, K., Suominen, M., Vaittinen, L. (2015). Dash for Cash: Month-End Liquidity Needs and the Predictability of Stock Returns.Available at SSRN 2528692. Fabius, R., Loeppke, R. R., Hohn, T., Fabius, D., Eisenberg, B., Konicki, D. L., Larson, P. (2016). Tracking the market performance of companies that integrate a culture of health and safety: an assessment of corporate health achievement award applicants.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,58(1), 3-8. Gambetta, N., Zorio-Grima, A., Garca-Benau, M. A. (2015). Complaints management and bank risk profile.Journal of Business Research,68(7), 1599-1601. Giglio, S., Kelly, B., Pruitt, S. (2016). Systemic risk and the macroeconomy: An empirical evaluation.Journal of Financial Economics,119(3), 457-471. Giovannoni, E., Quarchioni, S., Riccaboni, A. (2016). The role of roles in risk management change: The case of an Italian bank.European Accounting Review,25(1), 109-129. House, M., Sablik, T., Walter, J. R. (2016). Understanding the New Liquidity Coverage Ratio Requirements.Richmond Fed Economic Brief, (Jan), 1-5. Jinjarak, Y. (2015). Supply Chains, Global Financial Shocks and Firm Behaviour towards Liquidity Needs.The World Economy,38(3), 425-444. Kothari, S. P., Mizik, N., Roychowdhury, S. (2015). Managing for the moment: The role of earnings management via real activities versus accruals in SEO valuation.The Accounting Review,91(2), 559-586. Kwon, S. S., Yin, J. (2015). A comparison of earnings persistence in high-tech and non-high-tech firms.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,44(4), 645-668. Lee, C. J., Andrade, E. B. (2015). Fear, excitement, and financial risk-taking.Cognition and Emotion,29(1), 178-187. Michiels, A., Voordeckers, W., Lybaert, N., Steijvers, T. (2015). Dividends and family governance practices in private family firms.Small Business Economics,44(2), 299-314. Morley, P. T., Lang, E., Aickin, R., Billi, J. E., Eigel, B., Ferrer, J. M. E., ... Maconochie, I. K. (2015). Part 2: Evidence Evaluation and Management of Conflicts of Interest 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.Circulation,132(16 suppl 1), S40-S50. Patton, M. Q. (2016). What is Essential in Developmental Evaluation? On Integrity, Fidelity, Adultery, Abstinence, Impotence, Long-Term Commitment, Integrity, and Sensitivity in Implementing Evaluation Models.American Journal of Evaluation, 1098214015626295. Stoll, D. R., Talus, E. S., Harmes, D. C., Zhang, K. (2015). Evaluation of detection sensitivity in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography separations of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and its degradants.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,407(1), 265-277. Watson, L. (2015). Corporate social responsibility, tax avoidance, and earnings performance.The Journal of the American Taxation Association,37(2), 1-21.

Pepsi and Coke free essay sample

Coke and Pepsi Coke and Pepsi are both two big companies in the world which are known by cola. Pepsi is the biggest competitor of coke. The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest manufacturer, distributor and beverage company(No author, 2009-6-26) Pepsi company Is also a transnational corporation with long history. Each ot them has blg market In the world. However, a comparison of Pepsi and coke reveals several similarities but a great number of differences. Coke and Pepsi are similar in a number of ways. Hrst they are both leaders of everage companles In the world. coca-cola currently otters nearly 400 brands In over 200 countries and serves 1. 5 billion servings each day. obviously coca-cola Is very strong In beverage companies. It has an important position In the beverage market, especially In the USA and some European countries. Pepsi is the same. Pepsi dudes widely known brands, innovative products, and powerful market skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi and Coke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition Pepsi plans to drive sustainable water practices and improve countryside water In china, India and Atrlca (Sodapop 2008-2-1). These actions all show Pepsis strong power. The major difference Is that coke only focus on soft drink. however Pepsi has many production on other areas. Second, Pepsi and Coke both have long history. Coca Cola was invented by a doctor named John Pemberton trom Atlanta, Georgia In May, 1880, so coke has more than 120 years history. coke was first sold at the soda fountain In Pharmacy In 1886. It Is so funny. Because Coke was not sold as a drink, however It is one kind of medicine In original. Pepsi also has long history. It was born in the Carolinas in 1898 and Invented by Bradham (Bob and Tom 2009). Pepsi and Coke were born at a similar age. They all experienced more than 120 years. Despite these similarities, Pepsi and Coke differ greatly In several ways. Coke company is focus on one area. For example all production made by coke are soft drinks. Whatever Sprite and Fanta they are all brands of beverage. So beverage is the only way which Coke go straight. However Pepsi is different from Coke, Pepsi purchased many subsidiaries. Pepsi work on a wide area, this is the bggest difference with coke. A final major difference between Pepsi and Coke is about their main production Cola. Turning to nutritional content, Pepsi has slightly more sugar, calories, and caffeine, Coke has slightly more sodium (Lubin is why Pepsi tends to win the Pepsi challenge. However the most Important matter Is brand. And cokes campaign of advertisements on TV. It is clear that the differences and similarities between Pepsi and Coke. In conclusion they all have their own special advantages.

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buy custom Design essay 1). Software Downloaded Instruction. Does the website use language that promotes usability? Is it clear and concise? The software vendor site www.adobe.com uses a language that promotes usability. The language used is clear and concise and avoids ambiguity and long statements. The site has identifiable navigation that has clear and concise labels. The text links are in Blue, and it has the Companys Logo. The text is also scan-able and avoids large chunks of text. The site, in addition, makes sure there is appropriate contrast amid Text and Background. It also has a short page load time. How the content is chunked or otherwise organized? The www.adobe.com content is organized into chunks, to enable visitors visually and mentally process the site. The information is chunked into Products, Solutions, Learning, Help, Downloads, Company, and Store. The content is arranged in a clear and systematic system allowing visitors to easily scan and read it. This content chunking makes recalling the information on the site easy and makes the Adobe home page appears clean and clear. Are the instructions layered for different audiences? Who do you feel is the primary audience for these instructions? The instruction on the Adobe site is not laered for different audiences. The primary audience for instruction on the home page is the buyers of the software. Are there visual elements that help the user perform the task? No visual elements that aid the user to perform the task exist on the website. All the aids are textual. Does the website provide the user with feedback, such as error messages? I did not encounter an error, so it was not possible to tell whether the site provide the user with feedback, such as error messages. However, the site has a help and learning section where users can learn about various aspects. In addition, I tried accessing the contact link, and I was provided with the message that, Please note that we're conducting systems maintenance. We have taken every effort to minimize inconveniences, although some systems will be offline until Sunday night Pacific Time. If you need help with your Adobe products during this outage, please use the online resources available to you or call back next week. We're working to restore service levels as quickly as possible and appreciate your patience. Thus, the site provides feedback. Are there mechanisms in place for users to provide feedback to the website administrator? Are there other important points of contact? Yes, there are mechanisms for users to give feedback to the website manager. The website has a Help and Contact Adobe tab that are gateways to contacting the administrators. What other usability-related mechanisms do you see in place? What usability mechanisms are missing? How might these present or missing mechanisms affect the users experience? Other than the above, the site has a log in portal where a user can register and log in to the Customer Support Portal. The only mechanism that is missing is an email address to contact administrators, but with the log in portal, this is not necessary. 2). Color Impairment I visited vischeck.com/ that shows how a website might look to a person suffering from color vision impairments. After running a simulation, the page suggested I modify the theme to the site. This web page presented a web page that a colorblind person would distinguish. The website that a run a simulation for had issues for visually impaired individuals trying to access it. These issues include navigation issues, (navigation bars were image maps; therefore causing confusion); and design issues (in that the page was full of constantly scrolling text, flashing messages along with pop-up images, which are basically not accessible by the visually impaired). Buy custom Design essay

The author notes that there are three general strategies used by moral Essay

The author notes that there are three general strategies used by moral philosophers who wish to explain the sort of variation in moral codes discussed by Ruth Benedict. Which of - Essay Example One of the most important strategies that are used by moral philosophers is to look at the universal principles that seem to drive the activities of people. This can be done through a systematic analysis of cross-sections of people who would then provide frameworks that are followed on a general basis. This would then be accepted as the norm which would then be accepted as the bedrock of the society’s morality. Another strategy that is used is to provide the basis of morality and ethics in reason and the abilities of the individual to ascertain the suitability of a certain action. This was also to a great extent the result of the thought of Kant and other enlightenment philosophers who held reason to be the greatest defining feature of man and thought of it as being able to solve the greatest problems that mankind has when it comes to moral dilemmas. Another way in which the problem can be dealt with is to understand the relativity of morality when it comes to different communities and people. There are people who believe that there is no possibility of understanding any form of ultimate truths that may enable the laying of a framework that would be able to define acts that are committed in a moral way. This approach is termed as ethical scepticism. This approach made it possible for other approaches that did not argue for a monolithic view of morality, to flourish. Ethical relativism may be considered to be one of these approaches. It favors no particular code of morality over the other and recognizes the importance of the uniqueness of each culture and in some cases, each individual. Extremes of this approach may lead to problematic situations in a society. However, it is better placed than the other approaches that have been referred to in this essay to assess the moral codes of a society that is multicultural and multilingui stic in its

Qualities of an Ideal Businessperson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Qualities of an Ideal Businessperson - Essay Example ern business environment requires business people to have certain qualities in order to overcome the stiff competition in the market (Naidu, 2009, p 151). An ideal businessperson must be persistent in exploiting the opportunities in the market, especially new and innovative ideas that present high business growth potential. The person should have good knowledge of all business processes such as procurement, financial management, marketing and customer relations management. In addition, one must be able to foster close working relationships with employees and ensure that individual employee efforts contribute to the overall attainment of the organizational objectives (Naidu, 2009, p 134). Thesis statement: an ideal businessperson must have an entrepreneurial attitude in order to succeed in the competitive business environment. According to Naidu (2009), it is essential for the person to have adequate technical knowledge of the business activities (p 89). The person should be aware of the customer needs, the attributes of the product and surrounding business environment. The ideal person must be able to scan the environment and identify trends in the business segments such as the opportunities that may foster business growth and profitability, and threats that can hinder the long-term survival and competitiveness of the business (Naidu, 2009, p 155). In addition, one must be aware of the internal business processes such as the marketing, manufacturing processes, financial management skills and supply chain management activities in order to ensure business activities are properly coordinated. For instance, businesspeople in the automobile industry must be knowledgeable about the different vehicle models, the manufacturer’s specifications, the current prices and changes in customer attitudes towards l ess fuel consuming vehicles (Naidu, 2009, p 169). Businesses require innovativeness and creativity due to rapid business environment changes such as new technology,

Theory of Asymmetric Conflict

Theory of Asymmetric Conflict Within this assignment I will be critically evaluating the usefulness of Asymmetric conflict and also looking at the legitimacy of motivations for the use of political violence. To support this argument Northern Ireland will be used as the main case study within this assignment. Firstly I will be defining what is meant by asymmetric violence. The majority of conflicts that happen within the modern world are not between states, but rather between contesting groups that are within states, or between combatants and existing states. Within (Aggestam,2002) book, he suggests that these types of conflicts can often be classified as asymmetric because the stronger party, frequently a state authority, is able to draw upon a various number of power resources that widens its range of strategies in conflict. Whereas, on the other hand non-state actors are much more restrained and limited in the options that they have. Aggestam, also reported that there is an imbalance in the available means to wage conflict and the ability to do so, In the levels of losses that can be sustained, or the resources to sustain a prolonged conflict. A good example of this would be the forces that surrounded the conflict within Northern Ireland which emerged in the late 1960s, which widely became known as troubles, this resulted in the deaths of more than 3,600 people. Within recent years Asymmetric conflict has grown into prominence and use while there still remains no universal agreement as to their meaning. The term asymmetric warfare has been used in the context of new terrorism to refer to non-state forces using unconventional and unpredictable acts of political violence against states. (Martin, 2006, pp. 270-271). Asymmetric conflicts that happen between state and non-state actors does not just relate to military resources. (Mitchell, 1991) highlights the importance of asymmetry when determining the conflict that is happening. These typically include lack of access to legal redress or legitimate political representation. In asymmetric conflict, groups can usually find themselves without effective access to the political system, the reason for this is that historically they might have been deliberately marginalized within the state; this was the case of the catholic minority population in Northern Ireland. States often have and use the power to construct and structure notions of legitimacy and to enforce state legitimacy through dominant discourses and political and legal processes. However challenges to the state from members of non-state groups often begin from a presumption of illegitimacy, in the groups interest, legitimacy, this becomes a kind of moral judgment that contributes to the asymmetry of conflict. (Paul, 1994) points out that weak states (Or weak groups) may often begin conflict, especially when they believe that the specific situation will in somewhat stay the same or progress into something worse if they do not take action. Terrorism has often been viewed as the weapon of the weak that is directed at a stronger adversary. the perceptions of a group that believes that there is great injustice against them, or even that their continued existence is threatened and may be in danger can often provide the weaker group with the sufficient resolve to battle against the stronger power, (Mack, 1975) states his research around Vietnam, he says that where a weaker group of indigenous insurgents proved successful in defeating the military forces, firstly in France and then the USA, this highlights just how important the beliefs of the non-state actors are in determining the resolve of combatants. Both France and the USA were unable to marshal sufficient domestic support for the continued commitment that would have been necessary to secure a military victory. (Mitchell, 1991) agrees with Aggestam, in highlighting the importance of perception in understanding what constitutes asymmetry. In conflict situation, it is possible for both sides to believe that they suffer from structural weakness. (Rouhan and Fiske, 1995) point out a great example of this, the example is that Israel considers itself weak against the Arab world, but the Palestinians see themselves as less powerful against Israel. This is described as survivability. Macks assertion that it is the relationship between the belligerents that is the key factor in terms of asymmetry, (Mack, 1975, p.81) looks at the views of combatants and how they are changed by others, he also looks at how relationships are altered to the point where overt conflict can end, or at least be transformed. However one answer is obviously clear in that a victory for one side over the other does not necessarily mean a victory for the b est equipped army or state. However, there are other answers; these include various forms of mediation, resolution, negotiation or transformation of the conflict to a point where agreement can be reached between the contesting groups. (Ruane and Todd, 2007) said while it has been suggested that, historically, symmetric conflicts may have leant themselves to a greater openness to mediation, it is clear that asymmetric conflicts can also be brought to negotiation under certain conditions. (Quinn et al, 2006) and (Mitchell, 1991) both argue that once the parties involved have both agreed to come to the negotiating table, asymmetry offers a distinct advantage because the same promises and commitments do not have to be made to different groups, as a result of this, instead, different rewards and benefits can be offered, a factor that prevents further conflict from taking place over the same goods or resources. (Quinn et al, 2006) argues that, although the stronger party has the ability t o take action against the weaker enemy, this may provoke an extreme reaction and end up starting a new round of conflict. This in itself can act as a deterrent. However when the stronger party enters the negotiations and agrees to change and compromise, this can move the peace process along quickly because all recognise they are making concessions from a position of strength. (Aggestam, 2002) says that for a weaker party, negotiations can become attractive, this is due to the possible involvement of outside forces, thus leading to international intervention that in turn may guarantee legal regulation and legitimacy for their position. Looking at (Zartman, 2003) idea of the mutually hurting stalemate , he believes that when this moment is finally reached, the parties that are involved view the conflict as ripe, as a result of this they put out feelers as to the possibility of an accord. Once both negotiations begin, both asymmetric and symmetric conflicts face a number of problems. (Aggestam, 2002) points out that the resulting agreement of peace might be intentionally ambiguous, in order to ensure that the parties sign up for the new settlement. This was certainly the case for Northern Ireland where the agreement was interpreted very differently by all the major parties that were involved. As Aggestam stated, however this may in turn open up a host of new disagreements as actors argue about interpretation and implementation, for example, such as the demands by the unionist within Northern Ireland for disarming republican paramilitaries before agreed political structures could be set within place and action. While looking at Northern Ireland it is possible to conceptualize the entire history of this countrys state as one of asymmetric conflict. Northern Ireland was contested from its formation, and the outcome of this it created a result of the 1920 Government of Ireland Act following negotiations after a war of independence in Ireland. This itself is seen an asymmetric conflict. However as a result of this, it led to the partition of the Island, Leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom. The minority of the Catholic nationalist that remained within Northern Ireland complained that the new set-up was marked by discrimination in employment, a partial distribution of resources such as housing, and a number of inequalities in relation to electoral practice and the organization of the security forces. This served to alienate the minority from the state whose legitimacy they already denied. However (Mack, 1975) has little problem labelling the conflict within Northern Ireland as asymm etric. Mack saw the parties as the powerful and well-equipped British Army and the smaller insurgent republican force. However (Mitchell,1991) views of the conflict detected structural asymmetry in terms of access, with nationalists as victims of asymmetric access, where adversaries are likely to have very different abilities to voice their concerns and have them dealt with. When looking at the conflict that was happening within Northern Ireland a number of asymmetric factors can be detected. Most obvious, in terms of military might, were the resources of the British state, which vastly outranked and outgunned those of the republican paramilitaries. From what is stated above it is clearly identifiable that the conflict within Northern Ireland to be labelled as asymmetric, whereby the weaker combatants, in this case paramilitary organization used non-traditional strategies to engage a stronger opponent, the British state. In order for the peace process in Ireland to succeed all major actors needed to be brought to the point where a minimal but broad consensus among political leaders and the population at large about the desirability of common future could be constructed. The peace process within Northern Ireland was a product of recognition of realities by all participants in the conflict. For Irish republicans this involved acknowledgement that the goal of a united Ireland was unattainable in the short or medium terms and that there was a scant utility in a campaign of violence designed to sicken the brits into withdrawal from Northern Ireland. When looking at the asymmetric conflict theory and (Mack, 1975) article why big nation lose small wars, his analysis focused mostly on the French and their defeat in Algeria and the U.S defeat in Vietnam, Asymmetry of the power to win war was systematically and inversely related to the political vulnerability of each respective actor. However Macks arguments begin with power asymmetry and this shows how power asymmetry generally lead to interest asymmetry, this is where weak actors are perfectly interested because their very survival is at stake, strong actors marginally interested because their survival is in no way threatened. However interest asymmetry essentially leads to a form of inverse political vulnerability, this is because weak actors are resolute and they do not suffer politically from military setbacks, whereas strong actors become vulnerable to even the most minor setback as the war is carried on. Therefore Macks analysis primarily considers the motivations of states or quasi-states as actors and how structural relationships implies other asymmetries which aggregate to explain the outcomes, this means that weak actors will win whenever an asymmetric conflict lasts longer than expected, this was the case for the United states losing the Vietnam war because the North Vietnamese where fanatically committed to victory and the U.S was not. This resulted in the conflict lasting far beyond what the United States anticipated. Although Macks theory of asymmetric conflict is a powerful piece of analysis, it leads to an unresolved question and that is, why dont strong actors lose asymmetric conflicts more often than they do. When looking at Power, threat and intensity around the Arab-Israeli conflict and considering asymmetry, it is clear that from the findings within (Rouhana and Fiske, 1995) journal that the power relation between the Jewish and Arab communities in Israel are asymmetric by consensus, as both attribute more power to the Jewish community. As for asymmetry of power it is clear than both groups involved agree that the Jewish population has more power. However the findings within the Journal specifically state that there are implications for the future of the relationship between Israel and its Arab citizens, particularly after the recent agreements between Israel and the Palestinians. This is due to the fact that Israel is a state with two groups of citizens, both of them aware that only one group, the Jewish majority, Asymmetrically controls institutional power, However this is likely to be challenged by the minority, for example, the stronger that the minority grows or becomes, demographically, economically and politically the more likely that it will become to challenge the asymmetric power distribution. Even in drastically asymmetric institution power relations between the groups in conflict, not all types of power are asymmetric; power asymmetry is better measured by referring to types of power rather than just one type of power. However if a dynamic Palestinian polity emerges within the West bank and Gaza, it could actually be strengthened by a heightened sense of intensity of conflict over power, as it states within the journal the Jewish majority shows a profound sense of threat, some of which originates in the existence of the Arab minority itself, except for common concern over Israeli democracy. However the two groups do not seem to share any sources of reassurance or threat and this then brings to the question of shared identity between the two groups who are both citizens of the same state. (Smooha, 1984, 1992) specifically argues that the Arabs that are in Israel have developed a strong component of Israeli identity. (Rouhana, 1993) postulates that the Israeli component of the Arabs collective identity does not include a sense of belonging towards the state. This develops a sense of attachment because the uninational superstructure excludes their identity, this might be the case that the absence of identity is related to the perception of gross asymmetry in the distribution of institutional power, if only one group, the majority is perceived to control institutional power and the minority is somehow perceived to be excluded from the power centres, including determining the character of the state, distribution of political repre sentation and economic power, then it is possible that genuine power sharing is required as a prior condition for the development of collective identity. As we all know today Asymmetric wars are being used and waged for reasons such as political violence, religious, ethnic, economical and criminal reasons. However terrorism as asymmetric warfare threatens global security, suicide bombings are a severely dangerous part of asymmetrical warfare and that everything should be done in order to stop the attacks from happening. It could be said that all nations must unite and support each other in the global war of terrorism; however some countries are taking advantage of the attacks within other countries to settle their personal scores with the weaker adversaries. Today Israel has labelled Palestinian struggle for statehood as terrorism, Asymmetrical warfare and even terrorism cannot be eradicated by crushing the legitimate rights of aggressive people, Extremists groups for example the Al-Qaeda will keep finding a way to sprout up and will no doubt continue their asymmetrical struggles till justice is done. There are many ways that conflicts can be defined as asymmetric; these include differentiated access to material resources, access to political decision-making processes or the legal structure of the state. However it is of course possible to define recent history of conflicts in Northern Ireland in this way. However the development of the peace process highlighted an increase in recognition by both state and non-state actors that stalemate had emerged and that military victory or defeat for either side did not seem probable. However the key points that emerged from Northern Ireland is the potential for manipulation or perception during pea ce negotiations, constructive ambiguity in the process allowed republican and unionist leaderships to offer different rewards to their communities. In this sense, Aggestams argument that an asymmetric conflict is resolvable when different rewards can be offered to each side emphasises on parity of esteem for the national aspirations and identities of unionists and Irish nationalists created a space in which self determination could appear to be realized without altering the status of Northern Ireland. However it is the adjustment to the perception of a conflict bases on symmetry of need, rather than resources and military will, that fostered a peace agreement in what was previously thought to be an intractable situation. References: Aggestam, K. (2002). Mediating Conflict. Mediterranean Politics. 7 (1), 69-91. Mack, A. (1975). Why big nations lose small wars:. The politics of asymmetric conflict. world politics, 27 (2), 175-200. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.libaccess.hud.ac.uk/stable/2009880?pq-origsite=summon. McAuley, J., McGlynn, C., Tonge, J. (2008). Conflict resolution in asymmetric and symmetric situations: Northern Ireland as a case study in. Dynamics of asymmetric conflict, 10 , 88-102. doi: 10.1080/17467580802284712. Mitchell, C.R. (1991). Classifying conflicts. Asymmetry and resolution. 518 , 23-38. Paul, T.V. (1994). Asymmetric conflicts: war initiation by weaker powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Quinn, D., Wilkenfeld, J., Smarick, K., Asal, A. (2006). Power play: Mediation in symmetric and asymmetric international crises.. International interactions. 32 , 441-470. Rouhan, N. Fiske, S. (1995). Perception of power, threat and conflict intensity in asymmetric intergroup conflict:. Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel. Journal of conflict resolution, 39 (1), 49-81. doi: 10.1177/0022002795039001003.

Free Essays - The Phony Holden of Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Phony Holden of Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger writes about a young man who is very distraught after World War II. In Salinger's only published novel The Catcher in the Rye he talks about a young man who does not understand society and the surroundings he lives in. He keeps referring back to how everyone and everything around him is a phony. He makes himself seem unreliable by telling the reader that he lies openly. In the novel Holden is what you would call an unreliable narrator. The definition of unreliable is - a person or thing that cannot be counted on or trusted. You cannot trust Holden if you know that he lies all the time. Since the reader knows that he is a habitual liar you may never know the difference from when he is telling the truth or when he is telling another one of his stories. Holden goes in and out of mental lapses throughout the novel that affected his mind and psychological state greatly. Holden is an unreliable narrator for many reasons. Holden tells the reader that he lies all the time and sometimes does not even notice that he is lying. Holden does not see things beneath the surface. Finally he is not mentally stable and feels very insecure about many things. Susan K. Mitchell's comments talk about how Holden is confused about the world and the people who are around him. He is an immature man who is still recovering from the effects the war had on him. He has also just failed out of school and so that has sent him into further depression. Holden sometimes contradicts his statements that he said earlier on and he doesn't realize it. "Holden is a man who does not practice what he teaches."(Mitchell 1) "You cannot believe what Holden says about his family after he has told you that he lies."(2) "Holden tells falsifications so often that he doesn't even realize whether he is lying or telling the truth."(2) Holden tells Sally he loves her, "It was a lie of course, but the thing is, I meant it when I said it."(2) "Since the book is told through the eyes of the narrator our observations are biased.

Religion and Morality Essay

(i)Examine the views of scholars concerning the idea that religion and morality are linked. In this essay I am going to be looking at all the different view points on why some people may think religion and morality are linked. I will talk about a few things that link them such as conscience, divine command ethics, Kant’s view and Aquinas’ view. Many people believe that morality is based upon religion and the rules written in the Bible and other holy books, although some say that religion is completely opposed to morality and it is wrong to mix the two. Some scholars believe there are three views on the relationship between religion and morality, one of them being that morality depends on religion. Religious leaders are expected to have extremely high standards of morality, R. B Braithwaite believes so, he states that ‘to be religious and to make religious claims is to be committed to a set of moral values’. Much religious language is the language of morality, and as we have seen religious believers have committed themselves to particular ways of behaving. Aquinas’ believed that if God exists morality exists and that God made humans only his image, ‘when we are good, we are reflecting God’s image’. He also believed that goodness on earth reflects on God’s morally good perfection, so because God made us based on his image, when we are good we are reflecting on his ‘perfect’ image. However Kant’s view is the opposite to this, he believed that if morality exists God must exist and that the highest of good is perfection, although no one is perfect, which means no one can be as good or great as God because he has this perfect image, and no one is perfect therefore cannot live up to those expectations. Kant’s argument was that for the existence of God based on the existence of morality: There must be a holy author of the world who makes possible the highest goods. Some people believe in Divine Command Ethics because they think that God’s authority is absolute and final, and that human reason has no authority. God tells us how to live, obedience is commanded. Disobedience to the word of God is a sin. He also thinks that the existence of God is necessary for the summum borum (which is the highest for of good) to be achieved, and that the summum borum is not achievable in this life, therefore the existence of God is necessary for the goal of morality to be realized. Another is that morality is independent of religion. Freud believed the conscience is a moral policeman. The internalized super-ego that controls and socializes human moral behavior. Capable of doing much damage to our mental health. Some people believe conscience has no supernatural origin, it is the product of how people are brought up. Parents and teachers, teach us right and wrong and we are effected by the environment we are brought up in. Everyone’s conscience is different depending on what they were taught and how they were raised and children, meaning they believe different things, and have different view points. Religion and morality is also linked by religious influences on moral matters. For example, a US abortion rights group have angered some conservative Christian groups by selling condom key rings that have a picture of Michelangelo’s Sistine chapel, with God handing Adam a condom. The president of the Christian group said ‘this does nothing to deal with the horrific promiscuity rate we have among teenagers. We believe the real approach particularly to the young people that this is targeted at is abstinence before marriage’. Another example is that CARE lobby for a reduction in the time limit for legal abortions, to 18 weeks, and against the growing swell of public opinion in favor of legalizing assisted suicide. Existentialists may argue without God morality is meaningless and ‘everything is permitted’. If this is true God is the guardian of morality. Without God moral chaos or anarchy would ensue. Some other reasons why people say that religion and morality are linked is that: Moral codes are derived from religion. Moral opinions are judged against religious teachings. Even secular society adopts or is influenced by religious moral teachings, for example, it seeks guidance from religious leaders in moral matters such as genetic engineering/abortion. In conclusion the strongest view to me is Social Conditioning, in which morality is independent of religion. I believe that peoples morality comes from the environment that they are brought up in, and the people around them such as parents and teachers. From a very young age we are taught what is right and wrong, and grow up respecting the law and people around us more than God. (ii)Comment on the view that religion and morality are not linked. Euthyphro’s Dilemma was that the problem of whether something is good because God commands it, or does God command that which is good. ‘Do that God’s love that which is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the God’s’ – Plato. Almost all Christians will say something is good because God says so, his commands must be obeyed. A Christian’s dilemma is that either good is a whim or good is something that dictates to God. So if a Christian interprets that it is God’s will to murder, they think they are justified because it is God’s choice. A. C Grayling believes that religious morality is irrelevant to modern society because what people value has changed. He thinks that modern morality includes a great concern for human rights, animal welfare and the environment, not because of God but because of the instrumental value to themselves. Nietzsche has a view that Christianity is a disease on humanity and that morality is also a disease that imposes limits on human freedom. ‘Belief in God encourages ‘slave morality†. He believes that feelings of guilt, shame and remorse are forced upon us from the churches, and that we are made to feel bad for fulfilling our desires. ‘If more people believed in God there would be less immorality’ – R. A Sharpe believed this to be a misconception. He believes this because some churches teach that God hates homosexuals, or that contraception is wrong. A secular ethicist could argue that people are more likely to be morally responsible if God does not exist. If there is no afterlife then we should behave in this life as there will be no reward or punishment at the end, life is short, treat people well. I believe religion and morality are separate, being strong in one doesn’t make you strong in the other. I myself know not to murder someone, not because of a fear of God or that the Bible told me not to, but because I have been brought up to know it is wrong and against the law, and I do not wish to end up in prison. Although I don’t think it is the fear of punishment, it’s just in my heart not to want to hurt someone, not just my conscience and upbringing teaching me not too. People who claim that religion is their morality are basically saying that without the fear of going to hell they would have no motivation to follow the morals. R. A Sharpe believed that ‘If more people believed in God there would be less immorality’ is a misconception because he doesn’t believe that all Christian’s have the right morals. Another argument would be what if the divine changes his mind.. If God said that murdering children was the right thing to do, would it be?

Metamorphosis of Ishmael in Moby Dick Essay - 1005 Words

Metamorphosis of Ishmael in Moby Dick In Moby Dick by Herman Melville, Ishmael undergoes drastic changes in his personality and in the way he views life. Ishmael learns to accept people who are different and learns how to get along with people he never would of on land because of the way they look. On land, the worlds affairs are important but by taking a voyage on the Pequod, Ishmael learns to block out the importance of these affairs and free himself from the restraints put on him by society on land. Ishmael has founds a place more beautiful and more peaceful than anywhere on land by journeying out on the ocean. The changes Ishmael went through from land to sea were beneficial to him. Once Ishmael began voyaging on the†¦show more content†¦Once on the boat he thinks not of Queequeg as a savage cannibal, but as a friend. The ocean has helped Ishmael accept different people and view life in a different manner. In society, one sees what is going on in the world as important and always has to know the latest news, this causes a very stressful environment. One the Pequod and out at sea, Ishmael has learned that being free from society is most important. After being asked by Captain Peleg why he wants to go whaling, Ishmael answers, Well, sir, I want to see what whaling is. I want to see the world ( Melville 74 ). In this passage, Ishmael tells the reason why he is leaving from land to a journey out at sea. Ishmael has grown tired of life on land and wants to journey on the ocean while seeing the world with a sense of freedom. To be free, was Ishmaels goal from the beginning, he wanted to explore the ocean and go on an adventure away from the everyday world. I freely assert, that the cosmopolite philosopher cannot, for his life, point out one single peaceful influence, which within the last sixty years has operated more potentially upon the whole broad world, taking in one aggregate, than the high and mighty business of whaling (Melville 107 ). Ishmael has found his true love in whaling. Ishmael shows his new found love and respect for the business and has also found where peace lies. Ishmael gives this statement aboutShow MoreRelatedEssay about Desire in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick2921 Words   |  12 PagesDesire in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick Moby-Dick describes the metamorphosis of character resulting from the archetypal night sea journey, a harrowing account of a withdrawal and a return. Thus Ishmael, the lone survivor of the Pequod disaster, requires three decades of voracious reading, spiritual meditation, and philosophical reflection before recounting his adventures aboard the ill-fated ship.1 His tale is astounding. With Lewis Mumford’s seminal study Herman Melville: A CriticalRead MoreData Sheet Analysis for Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay4848 Words   |  20 Pages|goes off to country. No location is revealed, all we know is that it | | |is near a hospital and overlooks a busy street. But Kafka confined | |Title: Die Verwandlung (The Metamorphosis) |the action even further, stating that a majority of the action takes | | |place within Gregors room, described as a proper human room